2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题(2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第3套）)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: 这部分，你有30分钟的时间写一篇关于the importance of team spirit and communication in the workplace.的文章。你应该写至少150字，但不超过200字。

Part Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

注：由于2019年6月全国六级考试听力考试共有2套，因此本套听力真题内容与前两套完全相同，只是顺序不同，所以不会在这组真题中重复。

Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:本节中有一段有十个空格。您需要从文章后面的单词库中给出的选项列表中为每个空白选择一个单词。在做出选择之前仔细阅读该段落。银行中的每个选择都由一个字母标识。请在Answer Sheet 2上用一条穿过中心的单线标记每个项目的相应字母。您不得多次使用银行中的任何单词。

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

钢材因其可靠性而受到重视，但当它变冷时就不那么有价值了。大多数形式的钢26在低于约-25的温度下变脆，除非它们与其他金属混合。不过，现在已经开发出一种新型钢，可以在低得多的温度下抵抗27 ，同时保持其强度和韧性- 无需昂贵的28 。

钢铁在低温下的脆性首先在第二次世界大战期间成为一个主要问题。德国U型潜艇用鱼雷击沉了众多英国船只后，一支由2700人组成的廉价而欢快的“自由舰”舰队被引进来取代丢失的船只，为29名英国人提供了生命线。但在冰冷的北大西洋中，数百艘船（30 艘和12 艘）的钢壳断成两半并沉没。

在寒冷条件下建造钢结构（例如北极的石油钻井平台）时，脆性仍然是一个问题。因此，科学家们31 通过将其与镍等昂贵金属混合来找到解决方案。

Yuuji Kimura 和日本的同事尝试了一种更加物理化的32，他们没有添加其他金属，而是开发了一种复杂的机械工艺，涉及反复加热和非常严重的机械变形，称为临时成型。

由此产生的钢似乎达到了强度和韧性的结合，是合金含量非常丰富的现代钢的33 倍，因此非常昂贵。

木村的团队打算使用其临时成型钢来制造超高强度零件，例如螺栓。例如，他们希望通过用35 根管子取代固体支撑，减少建筑工作中所需的34 根管子的数量及其重量。这可以减少制造从汽车到建筑物和桥梁等各种物品所需的钢材数量。

A) 突然地ttI) 破裂了

B) 添加剂ttJ) 断裂

C) 接近ttK) 空心

D) 热情地ttL) 相关

E) 被围攻ttM) 重新洗牌

F) 渠道ttN) 努力

G) 类似O) 暴力

H) 组件

Section B

Directions:在本节中，您将阅读一段附有十个陈述的段落。每条陈述都包含其中一个段落中给出的信息。确定信息来源的段落。您可以多次选择一个段落。每个段落都标有一个字母。通过标记Answer Sheet 2上相应的字母来回答问题。

The future of personal satellite technology is here - are we ready for it?

A) 卫星曾经是富裕政府和富裕企业的专属玩物。但随着太空变得更加民主化，它们正逐渐变得触手可及。就像之前的无人机一样，微型卫星开始从根本上改变我们关于谁可以在我们头顶上做什么的观念。

B) 正如美国国家科学院最近的一份报告所强调的那样，这些卫星具有巨大的潜力，可以使基于卫星的科学比以往任何时候都更容易获得。然而，随着将自己的卫星送入轨道的成本急剧下降，不负责任使用的风险也在增加。这里的问题不再是“我们可以吗？”但“我们应该吗？”如果一块空间里挤满了传统上不被称为“专业人士”的人制造的设备，那么有哪些潜在的缺点呢？这项技术的负责任且有益的开发和使用实际上会是什么样子？一些答案可能来自一家非营利组织，该组织近50 年来一直致力于建造和发射业余卫星。

C) 将您的个人卫星发射到轨道可能听起来像是科幻小说中的想法。但在过去的几十年里，已经创建了符合该要求的独特类别的卫星： 立方体卫星。这里的“立方体”只是指卫星的形状。最常见的立方体卫星是一个10 厘米的立方体，非常小，以至于单个立方体卫星很容易被误认为是办公桌上的镇纸。这些微型卫星可以安装在运载火箭以前“浪费的空间”中。多颗立方体卫星可以组合部署，以完成比单独一颗立方体卫星更复杂的任务。

D）这些微小的卫星在其紧凑的机身内能够容纳传感器和通信接收器/发射器，使操作员能够从太空以及地球周围的空间研究地球。它们主要是为近地轨道(LEO) 设计的，这是一个距地球约200 至800 英里的易于到达的太空区域，哈勃太空望远镜和国际空间站(ISS) 等人类任务都在那里进行。但它们可以到达更远的轨道；美国宇航局计划将其未来大部分逃离地球的有效载荷（特别是前往月球和火星）携带立方体卫星。

E) 由于立方体卫星体积小且重量轻，因此将立方体卫星送入地球轨道的成本比传统通信或GPS 卫星要低得多。例如，亚利桑那州立大学的一个研究小组最近声称，他们正在开发的小型立方体卫星的成本只需3,000 美元即可送入轨道。成本的降低使得研究人员、爱好者甚至小学团体能够将简单的仪器放入近地轨道，甚至从国际空间站部署它们。

F) 第一个立方体卫星诞生于2000 年代初，旨在帮助斯坦福大学的研究生设计、建造、测试和操作具有与苏联人造卫星类似功能的航天器。此后，美国宇航局、国家侦察局甚至波音公司都发射并运营了立方体卫星。目前正在运营的有130多个。美国宇航局纳米卫星教育发射计划为教育团体和科学任务提供免费发射，现在也向美国非营利公司开放。显然，卫星不再只是火箭科学家的专利。

G) 美国国家科学院的报告强调了立方体卫星在科学发现和培训未来空间科学家和工程师方面的重要性。但它也承认，广泛部署近地轨道立方体卫星并非可以规避风险。作者提出的最令人担忧的是空间碎片——绕地球运行的“垃圾”碎片，如果它们与包括国际空间站在内的运行单位相撞，可能会造成严重损害。

H) 目前，立方体卫星并不多，而且它们受到密切跟踪。然而，随着近地轨道向更多业余卫星开放，它们可能会构成越来越大的威胁。正如报告作者指出的那样，即使是侥幸成功，也可能导致“建立一个繁重的监管框架，并影响科学立方体卫星的未来部署。”

I) CubeSat 研究人员建议，现在是时候思考更多的人比以往任何时候都更容易进入自己的小空间，从而思考意想不到的和意想不到的可能后果。在一个你可以简单地购买现成的立方体卫星套件的时代，我们怎么能相信我们头顶上的卫星是由那些知道自己在做什么的人出于善意而开发的呢？卫星游戏中的一些“业余专家”可以为如何负责任地进行提供一些启发。

J) 1969年，业余无线电卫星公司（AMSAT）成立，旨在促进业余无线电爱好者参与太空研究和通信。它继续了1961 年OSCAR 项目（一个总部位于美国的组织）的努力，该项目在人造卫星发射四年后建造并发射了第一颗非政府卫星。作为一个志愿者组织，AMSAT 早在当前的CubeSat 热潮出现几十年前就将“业余”卫星送入轨道。随着时间的推移，其成员对责任已经了解了一两件事。在这里，开源开发一直是一个中心原则。在组织内，AMSAT 的理念是开源一切，使组织中的每个人（并在可能的情况下）向公众完全提供其卫星各方面的技术数据。据负责AMSAT 首颗立方体卫星FOX 1-A 的团队成员称，这意味着当每个人都可以访问设计和实施时，就无法将炸药或能量发射器之类的东西偷偷带入业余卫星中。

K) 然而，他们在与非成员共享信息时更加谨慎，因为该组织防止其他人发展出劫持和控制其卫星的能力。这种形式的“自治”在长期存在的业余组织中是可能的，随着时间的推移，这些组织能够建立对社区成员以及整个社会的责任感。但是，当新参与者出现时，他们在现有文化中没有深厚的根基，会发生什么呢？

L) 业余爱好者和学生无需成为长期业余机构的一部分即可获得技术。他们仍然受到资助者、发射提供商和一系列法规的限制——所有这些都限制了立方体卫星开发商可以做什么和不能做什么。但是

ere's a danger they're ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences. What these unintended consequences might be is admittedly far from clear. Yet we know innovators can be remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected directions. Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone - we have microfinance and text-based social networking at one end of the spectrum, and improvised (临时制作的) explosive devices at the other. M) This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important - not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized, but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of the technology. This is not an easy task. Yet the'evidence from AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests that responsible amateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring that what an amateur communities considers to be responsible, actually is. Here's where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and scientific communities to include students, hobbyists, and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology. 36. Given the easier accessibility to space, it is time to think about how to prevent misuse of satellites. 37. A group of mini-satellites can work together to accomplish more complex tasks. 38. The greater accessibility of mini-satellites increases the risks of their irresponsible use. 39. Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost. 40. AMSAT is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking of their satellites. 41. NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes. 42. Even with constraints, it is possible for some creative developers to take the CubeSat technology in directions that result in harmful outcomes. 43. While making significant contributions to space science, CubeSats may pose hazards to other space vehicles. 44. Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it. 45. AMSAT operates on the principle of having all its technical data accessible to its members, preventing the abuse of amateur satellites. Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitary self-employment, there was one thing I was looking forward to the most: the opportunity to have work friends once again. It wasn’t until I entered the corporate world that I realized, for me at least, being friends with colleagues didn’t emerge as a priority at all. This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the importance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work. So much research has explored the way in which collegial (同事的) ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict, jealousy, undermining, anger, and more. Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring, deep-and-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. Whereas now, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needing to be best mates with the people sitting next to you. In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management, researchers have looked at the concept of “indifferent relationships”. It’s a simple term that encapsulates (概括) the fact that relationships at work can reasonably be non-intimate, inconsequential, unimportant and even, dare I say it, disposable or substitutable. Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted thus far indicates they’re especially dominant among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over confrontation. Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially lazy. Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort. For some of us, too much effort. As noted above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work. But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits. One of those is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and churning (产出). The other is self-esteem. As human beings, we’re primed to compare ourselves to each other in what is an anxiety-inducing phenomenon. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more so than friends. Since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships, their predominance can bolster individuals’ sense of self-worth. Ego aside, a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation, to strengthen one’s focus on task resolution, and to gain greater access to valuable information. None of that might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I’ll take it anyway. 46. What did the author realize when he re-entered the corporate world? A) Making new friends with his workmates was not as easy as he had anticipated. B) Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings. C) Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment. D) Building close relationships with his colleagues was not as important as he had expected. 47. What do we learn from many studies about collegial relationships? A) Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity. B) Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim to cultivate. C) Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product quality. D) Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere. 48. What can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic analysis? A) They should be cultivated. B) They are virtually irrelevant. C) They are vital to corporate culture. D) They should be reasonably intimate. 49. What does the author say about people who are socially lazy? A) They feel Uncomfortable when engaging in social interactions. B) They often find themselves in confrontation with their colleagues. C) They are Unwilling to make efforts to maintain Workplace relationships. D) They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues. 50. What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships? A) They provide fun at Work. B) They help control emotions. C) They help resolve differences. D) They improve Work efficiency. Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. In a few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass many of the abilities that we believe make us special. This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an “irrational” response. One of the most significant pieces of news from the US in early 2017 was the efforts of Google to make autonomous driving a reality. According to a report, Google’s self-driving cars clocked 1,023,330 krn, and required human intervention 124 times. That is one intervention about every 8,047 km of autonomous driving. But even more impressive is the progress in just a single year: human interventions fell from 0.8 times per thousand miles to 0.2, a 400% improvement. With such progress, Google’s cars will easily surpass my own driving ability later this year. Driving once seemed to be a very human skill. But we said that about chess, too. Then a computer beat the human world champion, repeatedly. The board game Go (围棋) took over from chess as a new test for human thinking in 2016, when a computer beat one of the world’s leading professional Go players. With computers conquering what used to be deeply human tasks, what will it mean in the future to be human? I worry about my six-year-old son. What will his place be in a world where machines beat us in one area after another? He’ll never calculate faster, never drive better, or even fly more safely. Actually, it all comes down to a fairly simple question: What’s so special about us? It can’t be skills like arithmetic, which machines already excel in. So far, machines have a pretty hard time emulating creativity, arbitrary enough not to be predicted by a computer, and yet more than simple randomness. Perhaps, if we continue to improve information-processing machines, we’ll soon have helpful rational assistants. So we must aim to complement the rationality of the machine, rather than to compete with it. If I'm right, we should foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine. Unfortunately, however, our education system has not caught up to the approaching reality. Indeed, our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to be mostly obedient servants of rationality, and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated machines. We need to help our children learn how to best work with smart computers to improve human decision-making. But most of all we need to keep the long-term perspective in mind: that even if computers will outsmart us, we can still be the most creative. Because if we aren’t, we won’t be providing much value in future ecosystems, and that may put in question the foundation for our existence. 51. What is the author’s greatest concern about the use of AI? A) Computers are performing lots of creative tasks. B) Many abilities will cease to be unique to human beings. C) Computers may become more rational than humans. D) Many human skills are fast becoming outdated. 52. What impresses the author most in the field of AI? A) Google’s experimental driverless cars require little human intervention. B) Google’s cars have surpassed his driving ability in just a single year. C) Google has made huge progress in autonomous driving in a short time. D) Google has become a world leader in the field of autonomous driving. 53. What do we learn from the passage about creativity? A) It is rational. B) It is predictable. C) It is human specific. D) It is yet to be emulated by AI. 54. What should schools help children do in the era of AI? A) Cultivate original thinking. B) Learn to work independently. C) Compete with smart machines. D) Understand how AI works. 55. How can we humans justify our future existence? A) By constantly outsmarting COmputers. B) By adopting a long-term perspective. C) By rationally COmpromising with AI. D) By providing value with our creativity. Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。方言在发音上差别很大，词汇和语法差别较小。有些方言，特别是北方和南方的方言，差异很大，以致于说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话。方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分，但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。为了鼓励人们更多说本地语言，一些地方政府已经采取措施，如在学校开设方言课，在广播和电视上播放方言节目，以期保存本地的文化遗产。